E3 just released their final report for the California Energy Commission evaluating 10 different deep GHG mitigation scenarios in California [pdf] http://j.mp/CAdecarb2018 Will post some analysis once I've read it :)
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Not only are ground source costs a challenge, but air source performance is catching up. Exciting to hear rate design and getting policy out of the way is coming in!
#electrifyeverything
Average ASHP performance may improve, but ASHP peak demand at high/low temps will always exceed geothermal heat pump peaks. Peaks drive utility costs. Summer peak is from low efficiency cooling. Future winter peaks will come from low-efficiency ASHP. Reduce both peaks with GHP.
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Maybe. We've seen leaky existing homes that go into resistance with ground source. If the cost difference was put into shell an air source could likely avoid resistance. That client couldn't upgrade because their equity was tied up in ground source...
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If utilities want to manage peaks, time of use pricing is key, otherwise don't expect much... We don't design with utility interests in mind because we serve homeowners. Change the rate design, and then we'd take it into account.
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Heat pumps have high load factor. Thus, volumetric TOU delivery rates overcharge heat pumps. TOU delivery rates only make sense with low load factor technologies like EVs. For heat pumps, we want a demand-based, three-part rate. (1. Fixed charge, 2. Demand, 3. TOU Energy)
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