This is a big reason why the slave states were so incensed that the North resisted enforcing the Fugitive Slave Act. The North banked the gains from its side of the deal. South felt like it had been welched on, even as the North saw the feds enforcing the slave power in Boston.
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The really incendiary flashpoints on slavery were the areas where just leaving each state to itself proved impossible: fugitive slaves, the territories, wars of expansion, the right of free speech in Congress and through the mails. "States rights" alone couldn't answer those Qs.
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Which is related to the fact that we do not actually have - and haven't had, since 1786 - a states' rights system of government. We have a federalist system, in which states have powers, but they are limited when they collide with those of other states.
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And the biggest concession they got in the deal, the new fugitive slave law, did not end up being a huge benefit for them in the end.
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That they'd lose their majority in the Senate when California came in is something that was more or less understood at the time, though.
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Yes, and ironically for much of the 1850s they got doughface Democrats there anyway. Point is that they gave up more than they got in return.
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It was terrible for both! South didn’t gain in legislature so couldn’t stall anti-slavery politics, and North didn’t gain ability to restrict or end slavery in the South. North couldn’t tolerate slavery, and South wouldn’t peacefully give up slavery = no possible compromise.
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I had heard that part of the problem that slavery expanded to other territories as the soil was worn out from king cotton. But by the 1850s there was a lot of farmland left in Mississippi Arkansas Louisiana and texas to exploit. 1/
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It was almost immediately undone by the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854. This led northerners to understand the slave states didn't negotiate in good faith, and that some northern Dems would sell out free territory for economics. Led directly to Bleeding Kanas & Civil War.
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