Yes and no. Britain, France, Spain, and Portugal had mostly fit this description for centuries by 1900. To some extent, so had Denmark & Switzerland (and Sweden, though it controlled Norway until the mid-19th). Central and Eastern Europe, however, were a very different story. https://twitter.com/SWGoldman/status/1163816990496002048 …
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Replying to @SWGoldman
I think they are better described as nation-states with empires, than as integrated empires of the Ottoman or Autrian model.
8:14 AM - 20 Aug 2019
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