Thread. 3 core drivers of early abolitionism: American Quakers, British evangelical Christians, & American revolutionary rhetoric. US revolution influenced those in Haiti & Latin America. US abolitionist themes influenced emancipation of Russian serfs. https://twitter.com/CarlPaulus/status/1108200673244577793 …
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European opinion, especially in Britain, was outraged, but the dig went on - but as soon as news reached Egypt of Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation in January 1863, the new Pasha ended the corvee on the Suez Canal. The French were forced to switch to steam-fed machines to dig.
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The new Pasha had his own motives as well & didn't end the corvee on all Egyptian projects, but it was Lincoln's act that gave him cover to withdraw the forced labor of Egyptian peasant farmers & let them return to their families.
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Eventually the British takeover of Egypt in 1882 eliminated the corvee entirely, consistent with the British attitude towards slavery worldwide. But in 1863, the influence of American example was a prominent part of the story.
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