Nation states absorbed city states because they had economic and military scale.
San Marino is the exception that proves the rule: independent to this day because Garibaldi decided not to fold it into Italy. classroom.ricksteves.com/videos/san-mar
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India is a civilization state rather than a nation state, but it also sewed together 500+ princely states into the modern Indian Union.
This happened within living memory, in 1947-50. Important episode if you are interested in the state formation process!
thebetterindia.com/124500/sardar-
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And Napoleon before him
He liked and respected one of the 2 co-head of state (a practice inherited from Roman consults) and that they had the oldest constitution in the world
He even offered to extend the size of the country which they refused
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