In Achaemenid Persia proper (Modern Iran, Iraq, Kurdistan and Turkey) slavery was almost non-existent, as most farming was done by free farmers. It was a punishment for rebels and prisoners of war, though.
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The Geneva Convention says you can make POWs work, and I guess you could call that "slavery" of a sort, although you're not formally reducing their status from citizen to slave in the old school sense (you have to let them go when hostilities end)
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Replying to @arthur_affect @TellerGrim and
And there's all these rules about what specifically you can and can't make them do The big one is you can't force them to directly act against their own side in either combatant or noncombatant roles (so directly helping manufacture arms like in Schindler's List is a violation)
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Replying to @arthur_affect @TellerGrim and
You can either make them participate in the upkeep of the prison itself - which is allowed because it's providing for their own welfare - or you have to find a job in the strictly-defined civilian sector
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Replying to @arthur_affect @TellerGrim and
So like, to take another example, Bridge of the River Kwai is a clear violation because it says if they work on public works it has to be something with no military purpose whatsoever (the bridge can't be used to carry troops, which that one obviously was)
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Replying to @arthur_affect @TellerGrim and
There's also stuff about maintaining the rank structure Only enlisted men can be made to work directly, NCOs can only be made to work in supervisory roles, you can't give orders to commissioned officers at all (although they're entitled to take a supervisory role voluntarily)
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Lest we forget that class distinctions, and maintaining the honour of gentlemen was far more of a priority in the early 20th century than anything to do with justice or fairness.
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There's a whole legal justification for this - the meaning of holding a commission is you yourself are a representative of your government (whereas an enlisted man is merely its tool) But yes in real life it's obviously a matter of class
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