Rather than most dichotomies commonly used to label people, the one I create most instinctually is: those who are sincerely interested in truth vs. those who are not.
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Pursuing truth (almost as an 'end', rather than a 'means') doesn't happen by accident, so you can sense when someone is sacrificing energy to do it. Sometimes it's people being radically honest regardless of implications; courage to have no team, step into no man's land alone etc
Whether or not they can articulate it, you can tell if people have an ongoing project of building a personal system of ideas that they are continually constructing, renovating, altering with each piece of data to make sure their system is as coherent and airtight as possible.
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Willingness to alter their paradigm based on new evidence demonstrates a prioritization of what's 'true' over 'what they would like to be true,' epistemic coherency over coherency of lower needs (like rest or safety or belonging etc)
That's my very abstract way if putting it 🤪