What are the best textbooks (or comprehensive primers) which are freely available online? Ideally as web content, not as PDF.
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"why's poignant guide to ruby" (2005) is probably not among the best web content textbooks, and feels unpolished compared to today's standards. But it did define a whole genre.
poignant.guide/book/chapter-3
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It was utterly transformative for me as a 14 year old. I'd thought of programming totally from the utilitarian perspective prior to reading it; afterward, I thought of it as an expressive medium!

