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The best way to get armed groups to obey international laws/norms is to actually *include* them in developing those laws/norms Yet the idea of including 'terrorists' 'rebels' etc often faces resistance Reupping this excellent brief by Ezequiel Heffes+Jonathan Somer, which...https://twitter.com/ODI_Global/status/1347468122480144392 …
Lays out some ways forward...
(1) Consult armed groups. Engagement and dialogue socializes norms and creates a basis for armed groups to be more aware and open to follow the rules
A great example is @ICRC Safeguarding the provision of healthcarehttps://www.icrc.org/en/publication/4243-safeguarding-provision-health-care-operational-practices-and-relevant-international …
(2) Involve armed actors in discussion. Get them to exchange perspectives with states, aid actors, etc on existing norms/laws
One mechanism is @genevacall's Garance Talks, which have focused on various issues: justice, detention, conduct of hostilitieshttps://www.genevacall.org/garance-talks-armed-groups-and-experts-gathered-in-geneva-to-discuss-the-conduct-of-hostilities-in-armed-conflict/ …
(3) Get them around the negotiating table, with states, to create new norms and laws. This is, admittedly, challenging and tends to be resisted by states - for obvious reasons. But it has happened before...
National liberation movements, including the PLO and ANC, participated in the Conferences on the Additional Protocols to the Geneva Conventions The Protocols crucially expanded definitions of conflict and protections extended to civilians... https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/8974.pdf …pic.twitter.com/EjhhFpj0qR
If we expect NSAGs to obey the law, we have to talk to them directly about those laws and hear their view
Yet the international community still does not do this systematically or consistently.
For more examples and recommendations on the way forward 
https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/resource-documents/odi-ec-nonstatearmedgrioups-briefingnote-dec20-proof01a.pdf …
Good examples from States who are fighting them might also help!
On papers it sounds right, and applicable.
But is there a will? Aren't they invested politically? Aren't they made up by States in the first place?
Aren't they made up to frighten civilians and turn them into obedients? 
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