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Out of the 7111 "living" languages, 2895 are considered endangered (where "endangered" means 1000 speakers or less). About 475 are considered nearly extinct (few elderly speakers left). See the languages with 1000 speakers or less on this maphttps://silintl.carto.com/builder/8bbc0024-1a25-49e3-bd4e-6e5fbf7fa933/embed …
So of course 2895 is an extremely conservative number. A complete list with speaker estimates (and the year the estimate was made: https://www.ethnologue.com/browse/names ). What I went out to look out for were languages like Tulu, which are widely spoken, but have lost their script.
Not a linguist, but amongst others, Italian/French/Spanish/Portuguese are not millenia-old. I heard some "slangs" have the characteristics of outbranching languages. Globalization seems a strong uniformizer, but there may be other phenomena at play too?
Not a linguist either, but definitely very interested in language taxonomy. May be there are. However, in my view, the reasons are almost always economic, cultural, and political in nature.
How many new languages have emerged in the last millennia? I would guess none. The consolidation of language is a natural result of the increase in the interconnectedness of the planet...
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