Not at all. The phone network at the time used tones as a signaling mechanism. The whistle exactly matched one of the frequencies used to generate control tones.
The HDD didn't have a command interface driven by audio frequencies; no "designed interface" was triggered.
Well, the audio filter won‘t fix the problem, if you‘re honest. It’s just a hotfix. If some competitor‘s notebook is not vulnerable (or other devices) and plays that frequency, you‘re still screwed.