diodes may look simple, but there's subtlety inside them. check out the cross section of this 1N914.pic.twitter.com/BMs42WN6yg
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how does the dot get there? there's a plating bath that applies an AC voltage that's slightly above the diode's voltage rating. only the good diodes get a dot at the cathode end. bad ones break down and plate on both sides. this means they are heavier...
...to sort out the bad diodes from the good ones, they dump the whole lot into a very dense fluid. the bad diodes sink, and the good ones float, so they just scrape those off and use them. forget what fluid they use, it's apparently quite toxic. barium something-or-other?
the sleeves start out with one slug already installed. these all go into special trays. the diode chips are dumped across the tray which is then vibrated at a very specific frequency, causing the diodes to land dot side up!
(source: friend of mine who used to be involved with diode manufacturing way back in the day)
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