Small example of how easy it is to make more ethical solutions, and how little pressure there is to do so:
The expectation at work is that you're at your post, ready to start at the exact moment your shift starts.
Logically, this means you were *already* at work a while ago.
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Where I work now, they figured the best way to represent this was to add 10 minutes to your morning timestamp.
Sign in at 08:00, system logs it as 07:50 and credits you those 10 minutes. 1 week "on time", nearly an hour off. As it should be, tiny difference though it makes.
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Of course, at my old job you'd risk getting fired for signing in two minutes late a few times too many, but the company in no way acknowledged this as meaning you had uncredited working hours.
But it was virtually impossible to be signed in on time if you didn't come early.
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In the very strictest sense, you are working the moment you start your commute, get dressed to a code or otherwise devote resources to your work functions.
But companies will punish workers for taking a toilet break too many. And that's in countries with "labour standards"!
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Point is, externalities are more or less the name of the game in all cases of "efficient, profitable enterprise", but while tracing them fully is a Hard problem, sort-of-functional abstraction is not.
We just scarcely even attempt it, and tolerate this nonsense state of affairs.
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