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tl;dr: 2019 saw lots of encouraging, but incremental advances across a portfolio of carbon removal strategies. 2020 will be an important year for leaders across sectors to up their ambition on carbon removal to put global economy on track for Bton/year scale CO2 removal by 2030.
Research: Having had the opportunity to work w/ academic experts like @CarbonWrangler @RogerAines @jwilceclab @ThoughtEnergy @Dan_L_Sanchez @phil_renforth @klaus_lackner, I think lack of funding is the immediate obstacle holding carbon removal researchers back today.
This funding announcement from @SloanFoundation is a great start... https://sloan.org/storage/app/media/programs/energy_and_environment/NETZERO-LOI.pdf …
...but we will need A LOT more support from philanthropy, government, and business alike: via @theNASEM http://nas-sites.org/dels/studies/cdr/ …
Some of my favorite academic publications from 2019 in carbon removal included: Forest restoration: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/365/6448/76 … CO2 use: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/364/6438/eaav3506.editor-summary … & https://www.pnas.org/content/116/23/11187 … DAC v. BECCS: https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2019/ee/c8ee03682a/ … (please share your 2019 favorites in the replies!)
The area in carbon removal where I saw the biggest advances in 2019 was on the innovation funding front.
A $35M @TEDTalks @TheAudaciousPrj prize was awarded to @salkinstitute for developing and commercializing crops that are better at sequestering carbon in soils plants.https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/apr/16/super-plants-climate-change-joanne-chory-carbon-dioxide …
Several @ARPAE funding announcements were made, including:
$1.5M for DAC @ASU_CNCE https://asunow.asu.edu/20190222-asu-nau-and-ut-austin-awarded-15m-doe-transform-energy-technology-new-carbon-capture …
$20M for soil carbon via SMARTFARM https://arpa-e.energy.gov/?q=news-item/arpa-e-announces-20-million-funding-develop-feedstock-monitoring-and-carbon-storage …
>$40M for flexible CCS via FLECCS https://arpa-e.energy.gov/?q=arpa-e-programs/fleccs …
I'm particularly looking forward to momentum building in this are next year: @erinmburns & team @carbon_180 were instrumental in unlocking ~$60M in additional federal $ for carbon removal + use in 2020:https://twitter.com/erinmburns/status/1206724866910674945?s=20 …
Internationally, the UK @beisgovuk announced $10Ms in additional funding for "greenhouse gas removal" innovation https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/greenhouse-gas-removal-policy-options …, but few other national or state governments have announced related funding commitments
And philanthropically, a new carbon removal @xprize is also in the works for 2020: https://community.xprize.org/categories/carbon-removal …
But speaking of policy development, 2019 saw the mainstream US climate conversation begin to feature carbon removal in a much more prominent way.
Nearly all of the Democratic presidential candidates included (mostly natural) carbon removal in their climate policy plans:
https://insideclimatenews.org/news/19072019/agriculture-climate-solution-election-2020-biden-warren-sanders-soil-carbon-conservation …
& @BetoORourke @PeteButtigieg elevated the opportunity for win-win rural carbon removal solutions on stage at the early debates
The climate-focused candidate @JayInslee also has carbon removal in his climate plans: https://www.jayinslee.com/issues/evergreen-economy …, but the lack of details is a telling sign that the activist wing of the climate policy community is still grappling w/ how to include removal effectively
The #GreenNewDeal resolution https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-resolution/109/text … also highlights the tension among climate policy activists historically opposed to carbon capture and storage tech (& offsets) developing plans to achieve highly ambitious climate goalshttps://twitter.com/TheCarbonSink/status/1093553698318344193 …
On the tactical front, 2019 saw progress with incremental carbon bills introduced & advanced like:
USEIT Act https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/senate-bill/383 …
EFFECT Act https://carboncapturecoalition.org/carbon-capture-coalition-commends-senate-introduction-of-the-effect-act/ …
Climate Stewardship Act https://www.booker.senate.gov/?p=press_release&id=973 … from @CoryBooker
US states are beginning to take some action on natural carbon removal solutions (see @soil_institutehttps://soilhealthinstitute.org/resources/catalog/ …
but no major developments on the state tech policy side have emerged since @AirResources included DAC in the Low Carbon Fuel Standard last year, though CA is gearing up for additional efforts in 2020 and beyondhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A2TqB9eaeA4&feature=youtu.be …
Internationally, the disappointing #COP25 meetings had very little explicit conversation on carbon removal, though the "Koronivia joint work on agriculture" continued to move forward https://unfccc.int/topics/land-use/workstreams/agriculture …
These policy advances are due in no small part to a broader non-profit community that worked hard in 2019 to catalyze much greater ambition on carbon removal policy
The @rhodium_group published a detailed report outlining direct air capture policy priorities: https://bipartisanpolicy.org/direct-air-capture-advisory-council/ …
Which was supported by @BPC_Bipartisan launching a "Direct air capture advisory council" https://bipartisanpolicy.org/direct-air-capture-advisory-council/ … (and hiring the great @SashaMackler to lead their climate work!)
The @EFIForTheFuture added to the conversation w/ their "Clearing the Air" report to help policymakers translate @theNASEM report recommendations into administrative budget and legislative appropriations actionhttps://energyfuturesinitiative.org/efi-reports
And @WorldResources continues to advance policy thought leadership related to carbon removalhttps://www.wri.org/our-work/project/carbon-removal …
It's also very encouraging to see traditional environmental NGOs like @EnvDefenseFund increase their support for carbon removal:https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2019-02-12/less-zero …
NGOs also played a big role in efforts like this one from the National Petroleum Council to advance the full portfolio of carbon capture technologies:https://twitter.com/TheCarbonSink/status/1206296202733481986?s=20 …
None of this NGO work would have been possible w/out support from philanthropy leaders like @janvmaz @ClimateWorks, @DrJaneFlegal, @MattBakerEnergy @Hewlett_Found, @ReidWalt @PackardFdn, @nestmatt @incitedotorg, and broader carbon management coalitions like @CCSTechFacts
The business side of carbon removal also made a number of advances in 2019
Big announcements from @CarbonEngineer to build a full-scale pilot w/ @WeAreOxy in TX via @AkshatRathihttps://qz.com/1638096/the-story-behind-the-worlds-first-large-direct-air-capture-plant/ …
and @Climeworks selling direct to consumer direct air capture offsets https://www.climeworks.com/
On the soil carbon side, @GeneralMills announced a 1M acre regenerative ag commitmenthttps://sustainablebrands.com/read/supply-chain/food-beverage-giants-working-with-growers-to-cultivate-next-gen-ag-practices …
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