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TSHindmarsh's profile
Tom Hindmarsh Sten
Tom Hindmarsh Sten
Tom Hindmarsh Sten
@TSHindmarsh

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Tom Hindmarsh Sten

@TSHindmarsh

Nervous systems, behavior, politics | Graduate fellow at Rockefeller University | Fan of Drosophilidae | Sad music from the bottom of a well

New York, NY
Joined November 2017

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    1. Tom Hindmarsh Sten‏ @TSHindmarsh 11 Dec 2018

      (1/17) Have you ever wondered why animals learn simple tasks at vastly different rates? Probably not, but after a pretty bizarre observation a few years ago, @kishoreneuro, @ostojic_srdjan, and I stopped getting frustrated with training our mice and thought a lot about it.pic.twitter.com/b6a4YenhKL

      12 replies 93 retweets 259 likes
      Show this thread
    2. Tom Hindmarsh Sten‏ @TSHindmarsh 11 Dec 2018

      (2/17) While training mice on an auditory task – lick in response to one “target tone”, don’t lick to another “foil” tone – we noticed that early in learning and when the licktube was present, mice licked indiscriminately to both stimuli…https://youtu.be/eNwt6MJwrOQ 

      1 reply 0 retweets 5 likes
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      Tom Hindmarsh Sten‏ @TSHindmarsh 11 Dec 2018

      (3/17) but as soon as the licktube was removed, mice discriminated between tones by licking to the target tone but not to the foil tone. The mice appeared to have understood the task many days before they expressed this in the presence of reinforcement.https://youtu.be/McSNamJSTKs 

      8:19 AM - 11 Dec 2018
      • 2 Retweets
      • 12 Likes
      • Megan Herceg Amelia J. Eisch Martin Vinck Margot Wohl Juan Álvaro Gallego Albert Cardona Susan Leemburg Adam J Calhoun Ariel Cohen-Goldberg
      3 replies 2 retweets 12 likes
        1. New conversation
        2. Tom Hindmarsh Sten‏ @TSHindmarsh 11 Dec 2018

          (4/17) We interleaved reinforced trials with non-reinforced probe trials throughout training, and found that animals consistently reached expert performance levels faster in the absence of reinforcement!pic.twitter.com/UmOtl6PE3l

          1 reply 4 retweets 25 likes
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        3. Tom Hindmarsh Sten‏ @TSHindmarsh 11 Dec 2018

          (5/17) Reinforcement feedback is obviously critical for learning but, paradoxically, masks the expression of underlying knowledge.pic.twitter.com/2PT9HGZYOG

          2 replies 3 retweets 16 likes
          Show this thread
        4. Tom Hindmarsh Sten‏ @TSHindmarsh 11 Dec 2018

          (6/17) To ensure this effect was not due to some idiosyncratic element of our task, we performed additional studies in rats, mice, and ferrets. Remarkably, the dissociation between acquisition and expression generalized across all species and a large variety of task designs.pic.twitter.com/aJOEAJBpqP

          1 reply 1 retweet 14 likes
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        5. Tom Hindmarsh Sten‏ @TSHindmarsh 11 Dec 2018

          (7/17) To better understand this curious behavior, we asked what computational mechanisms may underlie the dissociation between learning curves in reinforced and probe trials. We focused on a network implementation of reinforcement learning for go/no-go tasks, and hypothesized...

          1 reply 0 retweets 8 likes
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        6. Tom Hindmarsh Sten‏ @TSHindmarsh 11 Dec 2018

          (8/17) ... that learning of action values takes place only during reinforced trials, while the changes between contexts (reinforced and probe trials) do not change the learned values of different options, but modulate only the read-out parameters.pic.twitter.com/yvg8KO3UHl

          2 replies 0 retweets 8 likes
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        7. Tom Hindmarsh Sten‏ @TSHindmarsh 11 Dec 2018

          (9/17) In particular, we found that selectively scaling the gain of the inhibitory decision unit in our model provided an excellent fit to all of our behavioral data – across species and task designs.pic.twitter.com/Gve9J7WtA9

          3 replies 0 retweets 6 likes
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        8. Tom Hindmarsh Sten‏ @TSHindmarsh 11 Dec 2018

          (10/17) Finally, we were curious whether the variability in learning and expression was similar across animals. Did “smart” animals perform better in both contexts? Strikingly, while the variability in performance in the presence of reinforcement was huge…

          1 reply 0 retweets 6 likes
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        9. Tom Hindmarsh Sten‏ @TSHindmarsh 11 Dec 2018

          (11/17) … there was almost no variability in learning in on the probe trials. All animals appeared to acquire the ‘knowledge’ in a roughly identical time frame, but required vastly different amounts of training to effectively express this knowledge in the testing context.pic.twitter.com/WivoCPNQoZ

          1 reply 5 retweets 24 likes
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        10. Tom Hindmarsh Sten‏ @TSHindmarsh 11 Dec 2018

          (12/17) All together, probing learning by omitting reinforcement appears to uncover latent knowledge that is acquired quite rapidly and in a stereotyped way. Importantly, it identifies context, and not “smartness”, as the key driver of individual variability.

          1 reply 2 retweets 18 likes
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        11. Tom Hindmarsh Sten‏ @TSHindmarsh 11 Dec 2018

          (13/17) Why is there such a big difference in learning rates and variability in the presence versus absence of reinforcement? Perhaps it’s like studying for a test....

          1 reply 0 retweets 6 likes
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        12. Tom Hindmarsh Sten‏ @TSHindmarsh 11 Dec 2018

          (14/17) ... you might feel pretty good about the material at home when you’re nice and relaxed, only to absolutely blow it in the classroom when you’re just a bit too anxious….

          1 reply 0 retweets 6 likes
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        13. Tom Hindmarsh Sten‏ @TSHindmarsh 11 Dec 2018

          (15/17) … or maybe it’s more adaptive. Exploring your environment, even if it leads to errors, can be unexpectedly rewarding. Do you want to try that new dish at your favorite restaurant or go for what you know is good?pic.twitter.com/cNbuLT2ECB

          1 reply 0 retweets 6 likes
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        14. Tom Hindmarsh Sten‏ @TSHindmarsh 11 Dec 2018

          (16/17) Our data suggest that it’s a mix of maladaptive state-dependent effects and adaptive factors that dissociate acquisition and expression. If that sounds interesting to you, check out the full story!https://www.biorxiv.org/content/early/2018/12/09/489450 …

          2 replies 5 retweets 33 likes
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        15. Tom Hindmarsh Sten‏ @TSHindmarsh 11 Dec 2018

          (17/17)… and if the neural mechanisms that enable that lie of at the heart of this dissociation are of interest to you too, I’d suggest checking out the Kuchibhotla lab at @kishoreneuro @JohnsHopkins !https://www.kishorelab.org/ 

          4 replies 1 retweet 21 likes
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        16. End of conversation
        1. Aleksandar Ivanov‏ @phant0msp1k3 12 Dec 2018
          Replying to @TSHindmarsh

          Nvm, I just saw the video. They just lick in the air where the tube was previously!

          0 replies 0 retweets 0 likes
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        1. Aleksandar Ivanov‏ @phant0msp1k3 12 Dec 2018
          Replying to @TSHindmarsh

          The whole story is really cool but I am confused about something. If you remove the lick tube, how do you get behavioural readout? How do you know whether the animal identified the target stimulus correctly?

          0 replies 0 retweets 0 likes
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