The same ones that produced genetically distinct Neanderthals and Denisovans.
-
-
-
The Caucasus/Anatolia/Northern Levant were a refuge, hence protracted isolation.
-
I am working with geneticist on the theory that once populations settle, genes don't change much. Only open spaces get occupied with new genes. Turkey has minimal Turkic genes, Lebanon has no Arab genes, France has no Roman genes outside of garrisons, etc.
-
It's sometimes the case, sometimes not. Reasonably true for Turkey, not true for Mexico. Almost all of Europe was once occupied by EEF farmers: 6000 years ago the populations of Germany, Italy, south Sweden, Ireland all looked like Sardinians, genetically.
-
Definitely not the case any more in Northern Europe: those EEF farmers, originating in Anatolia and probably speaking Vasconic languages, were mostly replaced by Indo-Europeans from the steppe.
-
It is also possible that Renfrew"s farmers spread PIE to the steppe as well as to the Balkans. The dates allow PIE1 from Anatolia, (sheep no horses) & PIE2 from Khavlinsk.
-
First they had their Y-chromosomes surgically removed.
-
Start them in Armenia.
- 17 more replies
New conversation -
-
-
You need to consider what the landscape was like back in the last Ice Age: glaciers and glacial lakes were strong barriers for most of the period since the last major expansion out of Africa.
Thanks. Twitter will use this to make your timeline better. UndoUndo
-
-
-
Also: sheer distance. You don't necessarily need massive topographical barriers to prevent meaningful gene transfers if ppl live thousands of miles away from each other (and don't have means of mass transportation).
-
Tweet unavailable
-
Also there is not much surface water on the steppe. So even pastoralists don't find it easy. They have to be nomads. Pre horse culture the steppe would be unliveable if not quite impassable.
-
Tweet unavailable
-
Not just Ukraine; the Lower Volga up to Samara. Still gallery forest. Today, mush of the surrounding territory is on the edge of desertification. Volgograd is very dry for example.
End of conversation
New conversation -
-
-
the population back then was a fraction of today and once populations split, they never met again, because each was surrounded by country sized empty space.
Thanks. Twitter will use this to make your timeline better. UndoUndo
-
-
-
There is a cline in Central Asia and another one in Anatolia.
Thanks. Twitter will use this to make your timeline better. UndoUndo
-
-
-
Lets be honest. Japan, China, Korea, maybe a few other East Asian countries are the last genetic homogenous countries on the planet
Thanks. Twitter will use this to make your timeline better. UndoUndo
-
Loading seems to be taking a while.
Twitter may be over capacity or experiencing a momentary hiccup. Try again or visit Twitter Status for more information.