There are many ways to perform garbage collection. The method we shall examine here is called stop-and-copy. The basic idea is to divide memory into two halves: "working memory" and "free memory."
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When working memory is full, we perform garbage collection by locating all the useful pairs in working memory and copying these into consecutive locations in free memory.
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Nothing in the working memory is needed, since all the useful pairs in it have been copied. Thus, if we interchange the roles of working memory and free memory, we can continue processing; new pairs will be allocated in the new working memory (which was the old free memory).
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This idea was invented and first implemented by Minsky. It was further developed by Fenichel and Yochelson (1969) ... Later, Baker (1978) developed a "real-time" version of the method, which does not require the computation to stop during garbage collection.
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