We used psychophysics to reveal irrational biases in evidence accumulation decisions. We then used a spiking circuit to reveal a neural mechanism for these biases.
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The circuit relied on NMDA-R activity, and we simulated the effects of NMDA-R hypofunction onto either pyramidal cells or interneurons. These two perturbations made dissociated predictions for behaviour.
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We then tested these experimentally using the NMDA-R antagonist ketamine - which produced decision making deficits consistent with a lowering of excitation inhibition (E/I) balance.
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The results have important implications for the role of NMDA-R in cognitive function. They also provide insight to the role of the NMDA-R in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders such as Schizophrenia.
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This is a cool application of spiking nets! Uneducated question, are the monkeys having an 'experience' with ketamine? Could the psychophysics chance-performance be attributed to being in a distracting internal state?
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Thanks! That's a good question. A drop in accuracy could be due to the subjects being distracted, so that is why we also simulated a 'sensory-deficit' perturbation to try to exclude this possibility (Fig7). While sensory deficits do predict impaired accuracy (Fig7F), (1/2)
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