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3) Ok, so. Let's say you spend $X on BTC/ETH blockchain fees (or any PoW currency). Those $X are going to miners in a bidding war for block slots. In an efficient market, as long as it's profitable to run a BTC/ETH mining rig, more people will open them up.

4) So in equilibrium, it should be a bit above breakeven: if they're paid $X, they must have < $X of total expenses. So gas fees ~ 1.5 * mining costs. mining costs are 1/2 electricity 1/2 machines, which take electricity. So 3/4 * mining costs ~ $ spent on electricity.

5) Something like 1/3 of mining rigs run on renewable electricity, so dirty electricity ~ 2/3 * $ spent on electricity. Electricity that miners use costs ~$0.05 / kWh. Each kWh of dirty electricity produces about 0.0004 tons of CO2.

6) Finally, how bad is one ton of CO2? Well, givingwhatwecan.org/report/cool-ea estimates about $1 to reduce CO2 emissions by 1 ton.

7) Ok, so putting it all together.... a) $x in gas b) * 2/3 --> in mining cost c) * 3/4 --> electricity d) * 2/3--> dirty electricity e) / $0.05 --> kWh f) * 0.0004 --> tons of CO2 g) * $1 --> cost to offset 2/3 * 3/4 * 2/3 / 0.05 * 0.0004 * 1 = 0.0026

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