1) So on energy usage of BTC:
The profile will change long-term. Right now the main driver is from block rewards.
But as block rewards exponentially decay, those will become less relevant.
Long-term, there are really two core drivers.
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3) So long-term energy used by BTC will scale with total demand for BTC transfers.
The other thing it scales with is security.
If anyone accumulates 51% hashrate they can attack the network.
So for BTC to be secure, it has to be prohibitively expensive to get 51% hashrate.
Agree with total demand on transfers on L1.
Security on its own doesnt make sense. It will be correlating with rewards from mining blocks.
If all the transactions move to BTC L2 (CEX, lightning, etc), and block rewards decay - why would miners exert so much energy to secure it?
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