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So tbh the best thing you can do to counter this on a DEX is to make it fast. Uncertainty over 400ms of ordering is soooo much less bad than uncertainty over 5 minutes. This is just so much less of a problem on Solana than slower chains.
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‘if the DEX isn’t being front run by the validator set, is it really decentralized?’ twitter.com/teo_leibowitz/
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yeah alas it's pretty hard. You could try to have timestamps on them, there are proof of time things in Solana that might help, but it's messy. In the end you do the best you can, and at least this is way better than the status quo.
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It also comes down to: why do you want to use a DEX? Because you don't trust centralized custody or don't trust centralized execution? For most it's probably the former. So maybe a DEX where custody is decentralized but validation is done by a trusted federation might work.
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ZK rollup. It's all about how you "prove" to the network that the contents in the merkle root are legitimate (fraud proofs in OR, zk proof in zk). ZK proofs are pretty solid, though cryptography is relatively new/untested and there are some goofy UX things (additional keys, etc.)
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