i am going to guess that the chapter of this book most relevant to lovecraft is VIII. Man's Place in the Universe. beginning covers some similar material as de sitter. eddington briefly describes heat death which i imagine had an impact on lovecraft's imagination
Conversation
then he speculates a bit about alien life, 20 years before the fermi paradox and 30 years before the drake equation. some beautiful sentences here - "how many acorns are scattered for one that grows to an oak? and need [nature] be more careful of her stars than her acorns?"
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the other chapter that might be relevant to lovecraft is "XV. Science and Mysticism" which is again lovely. i have never seen a differential equation and a poem presented on the same page in direct contrast like this. gorgeous. where has sir arthur eddington been all my life
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then he takes the poem seriously as a subject of philosophical inquiry. he asks: in what sense can the *waves* be blown to *laughter*? whence the impression that "the gladness in ourselves was in Nature, in the waves, everywhere" given, y'know, hydrodynamics etc.?
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"If I were to try to put into words the essential truth revealed in the mystic experience, it would be that our minds are not apart from the world; and the feelings that we have of gladness and melancholy and our yet deeper feelings are not of ourselves alone..."
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"..., but are glimpses of a reality transcending the narrow limits of our particular consciousness ⎯ that the harmony and beauty of the face of Nature is at root one with the gladness that transfigures the face of man."
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"The mystic, if haled before a tribunal of scientists, might perhaps end his defense on this note. He would say, 'The familiar material world of everyday conception, though lacking somewhat in scientific truth, is good enough to live in; in fact...'
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'...the scientific world of pointer readings would be an impossible sort of place to inhabit. It is a symbolic world and the only thing that could live comfortably in it would be a symbol. But I am not a symbol; ...'
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'...I am compounded of that mental activity which is from your point of view a nest of illusion, so that to accord with my own nature I have to transform even the world explored by my senses. But I am not merely made up of senses; ...'
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'... the rest of my nature has to live and grow. I have to render account of that environment into which it has its outlet. My conception of my spiritual environment is not to be compared with your scientific world of pointer readings; ...'
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'...it is an everyday world to be compared with the material world of familiar experience. I claim it as no more real and no less real than that. Primarily it is not a world to be analyzed, but a world to be lived in.'"