options for handling this depend a lot on the context of the conversation, e.g. i would do different things in a chill hangout with friends vs. something more like a business meeting. but you can e.g. unobtrusively encourage quieter people to speak up
Conversation
like "hey, X, what were you saying before...?" (you don't even say "...before you got interrupted by Y", this can be very gentle)
obviously this sort of thing works better the more comfortable you feel wielding social power in the group
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if the conversation has a more structured purpose like "brainstorm ideas for a project" you can "reset" the conversation by refocusing attention on the shared purpose and suggesting a new format
e.g. "hey guys, why don't we take turns to talk about each of our ideas"
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if it's more like hanging out with friends then it doesn't exactly have a shared purpose but you can instead "reset" by refocusing attention on the friendship
e.g. "hey guys, i think we've been interrupting X a lot and i don't feel good about how we're treating our friend"
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i think people often don't know that moves like these are possible but they're also scary moves! they have the possibility to generate a lot of conflict if someone reacts poorly to you pushing back against what they're doing in the conversation
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so you need a combination of enough skill and social power in the group to be able to deal with conflict somehow. that's a whole nother thing and i could probably churn out multiple threads and blog posts about it. touches on a lot of stuff: defensiveness, triggers, etc.
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maybe i will limit myself to one comment: the main fuckup i see people making around orienting towards conflict is the need to pick one party to be The Good Guys and the other party to be The Bad Guys
i don't think this is how almost any conflict in a group works in practice
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mostly i take the pov that we are various kinds of hurting and suffering and fucked up and just trying to get our needs met in the ways we've learned how, and sometimes that involves pulling coercive conversational moves so we feel safe or respected etc.
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This framing of communication as people having different needs is the core idea of Non-Violent Communication (the book, the practices, etc.), so there's a lot in there about how to maneuver a conversation through that frame for people who are interested.
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yeah there's def good ideas to mine from NVC but people can get a little "rigid" around it also y'know? like mistaking the finger for the moon kinda thing
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i know people who've had bad experiences around people *coercively using NVC* which is just the fuckin worst but... it is possible ¯\_(ツ)_/¯