The intuition that machines cannot be as ethical as humans is likely incorrect. Ethics is the systematic resolution of conflicts of interest under conditions of shared purpose. Ethics is not irrational. There is no reason to assume that machines cannot be more ethical than us.
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Replying to @Plinz
The arguments made e.g. by Nick Bostrom is rather that they could lack deeper understanding of their actions, consequences and have different priories (produce paperclips at all costs), what possibly leads to rational but unethical actions.
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Replying to @tymwol
Interesting question. Do you think that "autistic AI", i.e. an AI that only optimizes for a low level reward function, will outperform "sustainable AI", i.e. one that maximizes its expectation horizon?
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It happens all the time in human power struggles, with sociopaths getting up the ladder in companies and governments. Why should it be different for AIs?
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That is the general problem of governance: how can you expect someone to design the incentive architecture for society if they don't understand their own incentives? And how can you expect those that best understand their own incentives to be altruistic governors?
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In a simple hawk/dove model it's pretty clear that the best strategy is to change between being a dove or a hawk depending on circumstances. That's the opposite of ethics. I am not sure why you think ethical behaviour is maximizing for agents in general competition.
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For the most part, we live groups in which the cost of violence dramatically exceeds its possible benefits, so we share the purpose of avoiding violence with most members of society, for instance.
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How does that solve the problem? An unethical AI would.still not use violence unless its beneficial.overall for itself. It still has that option, a strict advantage, over an AI that can't ever use it in any case. Can't win longterm.
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Ethics is not the same thing as a commitment to cooperation or non-violence or a particular set of moral intuitions. Ethics is simply principled social behavior. It does not imply that everyone would agree to the values guiding it. (Which is why you can have culture wars.)
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Ethics is either a set of hard constraints, or a revisited payoff matrix that takes into account "other stuff". "Principled" is meaningless: what doesn't change the payoff matrix or doesn't impose a constraint doesn't exist.
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If you find that other people or policy designers are open to rational arguments of the form: if you want a social outcome X you must understand and behave according to Y because of argument Z, a principled approach begins to make sense.
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