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Question on Cambridge Analytica.
A: Seems there was deception so it wouldn't be right to call it a nudge. Anything that pushes people into an information cocoon that adversely affects their privacy or expand their own horizons is harmful. @CassSunstein #BX2018
Question on restorative justice not deeply discussed. From Prof Jessica Roberts: 'Failing to explicitly acknowledge that some people are nudge-proof threatens to erase them from the conversation, possibly leading to even greater inequalities.' #BX2018 https://repository.law.umich.edu/mlr/vol116/iss6/13/ …
Using Behavioural Field Experiments in Education. Jackie Wilson introduction. Prof John List key speaker. Dana Suskind second speaker.
Australia about to enter into major educational change. A major policy focus: how do we better engage parents on children's education?
#BX2018pic.twitter.com/yo751zJIsH
Up to mid-1980s empiricism in economics was resistant to ideas on experiments. Behaviour seen as too complex. (Economists as 'data sifters.') Education is one of the most costly and long term investment (hyperbolic discounting).
- John List #BX2018pic.twitter.com/P46c5QasMa
*NB structural inequality has deepened. John List talks about Chicago where his lab is based as one example of education segregation. #BX2018
Leverage loss aversion for merit based pay for teachers. People value their losses greater than potential gain.
Control: Standard bonus in USA at end of school year. Or no bonus.
Intervention: In Sep get cheque for $4K. If students don't improve, they give money back. #BX2018pic.twitter.com/gZH8rA4Ylv
Tough to implement 'game changers' in education system.
Focus on pre school learning. 2 groups of kids learn 'executive' and basic literacy.
3 groups focus on parental involvement, incl financial incentive ($7,500) or saving for kids' university funds. #BX2018pic.twitter.com/Cv5NnW5pdy
Biggest gains in 4 months for cognitive skills of preschool kids.
Parent Academy works well.
All day KinderPrep positively impacts racial minorities.
Keeping 'treatment group' kids together stop education regression
Continuing to follow kids over the life course. #BX2018
Socioeconomic inequality starts to impact educational development from 9 months after birth. Parental involvement makes a difference - it's not about how much parents love their kids but the skills parents have available to help their kids through schooling @DrDanaSuskind #BX2018pic.twitter.com/BoxkBV8yoF
The '3 Ts' being piloted in early childhood education: tune in, talk more and take turns.
Addressing various behavioural barriers from day of birth, in partnership with parents and communities. @DrDanaSuskind #BX2018pic.twitter.com/VWw3stA9ZD
Question: what approaches work for different ethnic or racial or socioeconomic groups?
A: Parent Academy: one group- Hispanics- have greatest benefits (relative to Black and White groups in Chicago). They have more family networks to cover when one parent can't make it. #BX2018
'Welfare effect' needs to be analysed when measuring the benefits of a study/ trial. E.g. what if teachers hate what's required to achieve the 'claw back effect,' even if their students' outcomes improve? Need to address and measure this. - John List #BX2018
1/2. Q from SMH journalist: will rich White people benefit from this approach?
A: 90% kids in the trial are below poverty line. Rest 10% variable SES - but they also improve. 'We want every child to reach their potential.' John List #BX2018
2/2. In general population, high SES kids already meet their potential more often while low SES kids are being left behind. As a society, we're missing out on their potential, their outputs. Using #BehaviouralScience to take them from not having a chance to having chance. #BX2018
Next session: second generation nudges. What are the next areas of behavioural interventions in social policy? First up Prof @dilipsoman
#BehaviouralScience is more than nudges. Choice architecture, design, market for self control, better decision-making.
#poc #marginscipic.twitter.com/naEUhWtnz8
How do we build behaviorally informed organisations? Basic example issue is, how do we get people to read social media privacy policies?
What is our role as behavioural scientists? From problem solver 
auditor designer chief strategist. @dilipsoman #BX2018pic.twitter.com/MMno9deYSc
Now Kate Phillips. Most #BehaviouralScience insights in social policy have been applied in implementation and evaluation. Eg. Behaviourally informed text messages for vaccinations and hospital reminders and fact sheets for consumers. #BX2018pic.twitter.com/9kBbcAOUeL – at International Convention Centre Sydney (ICC)
We now need to move into using #BehaviouralScience to policy creation. But how? Randomised control trials can't be used to generate policy. Use counterfactuals - apply BI principles to policy design. Eg cigarette packages.
- Kate Phillips #BX2018pic.twitter.com/2NipOC2AHn
#BehaviouralScience policy design used in Victoria to improve information sharing between front line workers in domestic family violence. They value empowering survivors. Physical barriers limit info sharing. E.g. sitting behind registrar at court. - Kate Phillips #BX2018 #DFVpic.twitter.com/CLtNxdsRvD
Now Liam Smith- a psychologist who says he will pretend to be a sociologist for his talk! (
)
Systems change theory is useful. Need 3 things to sustain change:
Engaged individuals
Political opportunity
Organisational infrastructure
-Liam Smith #BX2018 #sociologypic.twitter.com/cTMi1FKvsS
#Sociology theory tells us that most traditional #BehaviouralScience nudges hurt structure and agency. But can be used to improve 'second generation' tools to improve moral and social licence to take action. Eg. Where attitudes are weak - workplace safety
- Liam Smith #BX2018pic.twitter.com/voFY4vprRs
Where attitudes are strong, focus on behavioural changes that are simple but effective. Reinforce identity and self efficacy to shift attitudes. E.g. water saving behaviour. - Liam Smith #BX2018pic.twitter.com/wLBokQlZbh
Now Elizabeth Hardy from Canada.
Their first gen #BehaviouralScience policy work was on traditional touch points (emails or phone calls) that increased public participation in surveys and charitable giving.
Then worked on educational savings incentive trials.
#BX2018pic.twitter.com/RIZ8CZtE0U
Second generation nudges: in March, the Canadian team trialled adding education savings to existing birth bundle, only 20 minute online process.
Next will move to trial letters from principals to parents, as well as offering via social assistance.
- Elizabeth Hardy #BX2018pic.twitter.com/xuPdPLJs3B
Panel Q&A.
We need to move away from talking about 'failed' trials. Whether the intervention worked as we intended or not, we still learned something valuable. - @dilipsoman #BX2018
Nudges can be thought of in 2 ways. 1/ systemic changes (simple nudges).
2/ Different sub-groups. Need different nudges or approaches. E.g. superannuation calculator to help individuals weigh up individual choices to make decision on their preferred plan. @dilipsoman #BX2018
Q: future areas to apply second gen #BehaviouralScience tools:
>Social cohesion
>Preventative health. #BX2018
Next session: 'fire side chat' @CassSunstein & Tara Oliver, Managing Director @beta_gov_au
How 'Nudge' was born: a fairytale. In early 1980s @CassSunstein was an English major battling 'monsters chanting "People are rational."' Best description of classical economics! 
#BX2018
#BehaviouralScience insights of #StarWars!
No matter what nudges we receive, either from Sith or Jedi, people have a choice. Another theme from the films that relate to BI is that a parent would do anything to save their children. - @CassSunstein with Tara Oliver. #BX2018pic.twitter.com/1EPY15RD5Z
1/2 Nudging the nudgers: how do we stop policy makers from falling prey to their biases (i.e. choice architecture for choice architects)?
1/ public consultation 'is NOT Kabuki theatre.' It matters. People read comments others make. Can't ignore them. @CassSunstein #BX2018
2/2 Nudging the nudgers:
2/ Invest in cost benefit analyses
3/ Maintain scientific integrity
4/ Commit to retrospective analysis. Learn after fact how any intervention is going. @CassSunstein #BX2018
Q: Tech can use nudges in ways that may 'cost' Gov. E.g. apps that help you avoid parking fines means less revenue
A: Cost benefit analysis should be for social good/ public interest. Fines shouldn't be about revenue. It's to help us comply with law. @CassSunstein #BX2018
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