20/ …on the contrary, 'purity' is described as an “odd corner” of morality because it is not “concerned with how we treat other people”https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/0011526042365555 …
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31/ We then showed that these seven types of morality can be found all around the world, and are probably cross-cultural universals
@drdanmullinshttps://evolution-institute.org/the-seven-moral-rules-found-all-around-the-world …Show this thread -
32/ And we have now used this framework to develop a new measure of moral values – the Morality-as-Cooperation Questionnaire (MAC-Q) – that promises, and delivers, seven moral domains
@cjvanlissa https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2018.10.008 …Show this thread -
33/ The MAC-Q shows that all seven types of cooperation are considered morally relevant – in fact, MAC’s new domains (family, reciprocity, heroism, property) are considered *more* morally relevant than the domains shared with MFT (group, authority, fairness).
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34/ The MAC-Q also shows that each type of cooperation gives rise to a distinct moral domain – family, group, reciprocity, heroism, deference, fairness, property.
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35/ Thus the MAC-Q introduces four new moral domains (family, reciprocity, heroism, property). It distinguishes family from group, and reciprocity from fairness. And it does a better job than the MFQ of distinguishing between 'group loyalty' and 'respect for authority'
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36/ So, an approach to morality that is guided by the underlying principles of cooperation outperforms one that is not. And this is just the start…
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37/ Equipped with a principled theory, we are now in a position to generate new testable predictions, and thus advance a genuine science of morality. <fin, for now>pic.twitter.com/Eagc3NErjd
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Evidence: people *describe* violations of sanctity as moral infractions (ie. in the MFQ), and they *respond* IRL in ways that bear out this description. Wearing outside shoes into a mosque will make people outraged in a very morally valenced way.
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MAC predicts that 'purity' will turn out to be a mish-mash of different disgust-avoidance responses to a variety of different cooperative problemshttps://twitter.com/Oliver_S_Curry/status/1076073899950043137 …
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Pretty interesting. So, eg., violating the rules of a mosque would seem to match up most closely with expelling ideologically impure heretics. Absolutely agree that this moralized disgust response is a strategy to solve a cooperation (and coordination) problem
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But not all morality is co-operation! Pathogen avoidance, as you mentioned, gives rise to morality too.
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Is it acceptable to simplify: life interaction is a sequence of Optional Prisoner's Dilemma rounds, where each player has to choose between Pride (self) or Humility (the other) ?https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256933667_Two_sides_of_one_coin_Honesty-Humility_and_situational_factors_mutually_shape_social_dilemma_decision_making …
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Would love to see how/if the MAC-Q could be used (or in the future modified?) to address this dimension of specifically human moral psychology.
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I think the Purity MFT foundation is really about these subjunctive boundaries and rendering them unquestionable, and so stabilizing the socially constructed world. Which is directly relevant to cooperation for the kind of animal that we are.
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We're symbol-using animals that generate subjunctives, like the rules of games or the borders between countries. So in-group identity for humans isn't just, like, extended kin altruism. We have *symbolic* collectives, with subjunctive markers (e.g. moiety totems, national myths)
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But in another way, the MAC-Q assumes from the outset that there's nothing qualitatively different between human and animal morality. And that renders a significant domain of human moral psychology invisible.
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Of course, maybe you address all this more in-depth elsewhere. But by reducing moral instincts to only those that are grounded in established animal phylogeny, you've done a service to moral psychology in one way. Really important work to advance theoretical integration. Thanks.
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Which is a response without any analogue in animals. Animals do not use symbolic language to create subjunctive boundaries and then police those subjunctive boundaries by getting morally incensed when they're violated.
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So it seems likely that, in humans, the capacity for symbolic culture led to/was spurred on by an integration of disgust/pathogen avoidance instincts with moral instincts for deference and cooperation. That's why Muslims find it a *moral* offense if you wear shoes into mosque.
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But there's a decently convincing, evidence-backed, well-argued whole body of literature on the positive relationship between disgust/pathogen avoidance instincts and conservatism/religiosity. E.g. Thornhill,
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