The best kind of signal you can send is the one that is *not* costly for you, but that the receivers will believe is costly. For instance, signalling a difficult moral position without actually accepting the costs of living in accordance with that position.
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With such overwhelmingly strong incentives for virtue signals to be dishonest, it is inconcievable that at least a few of them wouldn't actually be dishonest. In fact, it seems reasonable that the large majority of virtue signals are dishonest.
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And everybody instinctively understands that. So, I think someone who condemns "virtue signalling" likely means to condemn *dishonest* virtue signalling, and means to be understood as saying that even if they leave out the word, and many listeners will understand it that way.
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Note this may be why the word "just" often occurs immediately before the words "virtue signalling." "Are you just virtue signalling?" - meaning, are you sending the signal without incurring the costs of what's purportedly being signalled? Are you virtue-signalling dishonestly?
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Replying to @mattskala
I agree with everything you’ve said here; if it seemed otherwise, my tweets were unclear. Often we do have mixed motivations, or do things just because they’re the done thing, without any specific motivation. But, yes, dishonest signaling is common and should be dissed.
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Replying to @Meaningness @mattskala
I suspect what is most annoying is not the dishonesty, though, but the smugness and the appearance of confidence of moral superiority. I suspect that usually actually hides panic that one will be perceived as insufficiently moral and/or confident by one’s in-group.
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Replying to @Meaningness @mattskala
One of my pet theories is that one mechanism to increase the odds of a "dishonest" signal to be accepted is for the signaler to vehemently believe what they are saying and to be non-introspective to their behavior/signal inconsistencies.
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So some people have a distinct internal narrative and separate, deliberate affect while others don't have as much separation between affect and experience (and the causal arrow might even point in the other direction).
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Replying to @gomijacogeo @mattskala
The best way to lie is to not realize you are lying. But I would like to break up the category of “belief,” generally. The assumption that one either believes something or not (or believes it to a specific degree) seems wrong.
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Replying to @Meaningness @gomijacogeo
As you doubtless know, when we built machines that would either believe things or not, or believe things to a specific degree, those machines utterly failed at the tasks to which human beings apply belief. Our brains don't work the way we introspectively think they do.
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Yes, I have made myself unpopular by saying this for three decades so far :)
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