I agree but we don’t know yet so I think it’s wrong to say protective immunity doesn’t last. What is protection even? Sterilizing immunity? If re-infection means the sniffles for 99% of people, is that protection?
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Yes! And probable gut replication which no doubt contributes to IgA production. I think there was a paper showing an early spike of IgA.
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Relatedly, that also complicates vaccines, which are typically injected - 1st gen versions likely won't lead to sterilizing immunity because the upper airways aren't as well protected. Maybe 2nd gen vaccines could include inhalers to better induce IgA?
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I definitely think that's something to think about it. IPV/OPV example is informative here in terms of protective against disease vs sterilizing, related to site of inoculation and isotype.
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Yes, absolutely. It may be that mucosal IgA is a major mediator of protection but not a practical correlate of protection. If there is a robust CD4+ T cell response, I expect a robust antibody response regardless of serum nAb titers.
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