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The INO-4800 DNA-based vaccine (full-length S) from Inovio was shown in the paper to induce both neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) and T-cell responses in two different animal models - no challenge in this study though. 2/7
This in itself is not enough to make me optimistic, however, this data should be seen together with the recent Phase 1/2a trial for their INO-4700 MERS vaccine (also full-length S), which was shown to be safe and elicitic nAbs: https://www.biospace.com/article/releases/inovio-and-geneone-life-science-report-positive-phase-1-2a-clinical-data-with-dna-vaccine-ino-4700-for-mers-coronavirus-at-the-american-society-of-gene-and-amp-cell-therapy-asgct-conference/ … 3/7
Combine this with the Yu et al. paper in @ScienceMagazine comparing different DNA-based platforms in non-human primate models, showing that full-length S (same as INO-4800) appears to be the best immunogen and is protective:
https://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2020/05/19/science.abc6284 …
4/7
Note, animals did not* develop sterilizing immunity - there was a ~3-log drop in virus titers after challenge in vaccinated animals vs controls. From the Chandrashekar et al. paper in @ScienceMagazine we see a 5-log diff. after natural infection:
https://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2020/05/19/science.abc4776 …
5/7
Seeing this data - and the MERS data - I'm optimistic that Inovio might have a shot at a viable DNA vaccine (which would be a first). Yes, we need trials, human data, challenge models, and know longevity of response, but it's early days. 6/7
Does this mean we'll soon have a DNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine? Probably not - too many failure points to navigate and still too little data for an unproven platform, BUT, that would be my conclusion for any current vaccine candidate. Overall, I see this as encouraging news. 7/7
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