The biomass of terrestrial vegetation worldwide has halved over human history, with a corresponding loss of more than 20% of this realm’s original biodiversity. More than 70% of the Earth’s land surface has been altered by humans.
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There have been over 700 vertebrate, and nearly 600 plant, extinctions recorded since the 16th Century, and many more species have likely gone extinct unnoticed.
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Massive population declines that are the precursors to extinction have also occurred worldwide; since only 1970, more than 60% of all terrestrial vertebrate individuals have disappeared, such that there are now at least one million species threatened with extinction...
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The total global biomass of wild animals today is < 25% of what it was during the Late Pleistocene, and even insect species appear to be in rapid decline in many parts of the world.
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There is now less than 15% of the original wetland area that was present during the 18th Century, and over three-quarters of rivers more than 1000 km long no longer flow freely along their entire course.
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Over two-thirds of ocean area has been compromised to some extent by human endeavour.
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Live coral cover on reefs has halved since the mid-19th Century, seagrass extent has been decreasing by 10% per decade over the last century, kelp forests have declined by nearly 40%, and the biomass of large predatory fishes is now less than a third of what it was last century.
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Of the estimated 0.17 Gt of biomass of terrestrial vertebrates on Earth today, most of this is represented by livestock (59%) and living human beings (36%) — only about 5% of this total biomass is taken up by wild mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians.
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Even our domesticated species are in decline — some 10% of domesticated breeds of mammals have become extinct in human history, with more than 1000 others threatened with extinction.
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Even cultivated plants are becoming threatened, with about 200 cultivated species threatened with extinction, and a global homogenisation of food crop species used to feed the world over the last 50 years.
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All of this means that we are now without a doubt well within a sixth mass extinction event. END
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