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HeerJeet's profile
Jeet Heer
Jeet Heer
Jeet Heer
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@HeerJeet

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Jeet HeerVerified account

@HeerJeet

1. Writer, The Nation https://www.thenation.com/authors/jeet-heer/ … 2. email: jeetheer1967 at gmail dot com 3. Twitter essayist 4. Drawn by Joe Ollmann

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Joined June 2012

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    1. Jeet Heer‏Verified account @HeerJeet 14 Apr 2018

      3. In 1900 Fredrick Opper created Happy Hooligan, a lovable but luckless Irish American tramp. In 1901 he wrote an article explaining why ethnic caricature was inevitable part of cartooning.pic.twitter.com/g8OJOkwhqu

      4 replies 22 retweets 179 likes
      Show this thread
    2. Jeet Heer‏Verified account @HeerJeet 14 Apr 2018

      4. In the 1901 article, Opper coyly notes that Irish and "Hebrews" (Jews) were disappearing as cartooning subjects but avoids noting that the reason they are disappearing was because of complaints from newly politicized groups.

      7 replies 20 retweets 234 likes
      Show this thread
    3. Jeet Heer‏Verified account @HeerJeet 14 Apr 2018

      5. Blackface & minstrel inflected imagery was of course common in early 20th century cartooning. Here's a Dell comic from 1943, L'il Eightball.pic.twitter.com/8S6WkyJXtH

      2 replies 16 retweets 168 likes
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    4. Jeet Heer‏Verified account @HeerJeet 14 Apr 2018

      6. Minstrel imagery protested from the start but complaints picked up speed during World War II. In 1943, New York school kids wrote to complain about L'il Eightball. They got this responsepic.twitter.com/IjKycUyIe6

      5 replies 52 retweets 304 likes
      Show this thread
    5. Jeet Heer‏Verified account @HeerJeet 14 Apr 2018

      7. I like this: "Should we leave out the Irish cop, the funny Italian organ-grinder or the fat German delicatessen an, etc. etc.?" Here's how the kids responded:pic.twitter.com/h0emFq0ztO

      3 replies 40 retweets 484 likes
      Show this thread
    6. Jeet Heer‏Verified account @HeerJeet 14 Apr 2018

      8. Will Eisner's Ebony White (created as comic sidekick of the noir hero The Spirit) perfectly illustrates how pattern of contestation & generational shift.pic.twitter.com/FElgpmNaul

      2 replies 14 retweets 129 likes
      Show this thread
    7. Jeet Heer‏Verified account @HeerJeet 14 Apr 2018

      9. Will Eisner maintained, with reason, that Ebony White was created with affection. But was immediately controversial and Eisner's teenage assistant (Jules Feiffer!) hated Ebony & lobbied to get rid of him

      2 replies 16 retweets 199 likes
      Show this thread
    8. Jeet Heer‏Verified account @HeerJeet 14 Apr 2018

      10. Amos 'n' Andy, which to our eyes looks like horrible minstrelry illustrates how generational shifts in attitude are common.pic.twitter.com/ii8FojF5I5

      3 replies 19 retweets 148 likes
      Show this thread
    9. Jeet Heer‏Verified account @HeerJeet 14 Apr 2018

      11. As historian Melvin Patrick Ely demonstrated in excellent book, when Amos & Andy created in 1928, it polarized black community. Some (particularly educated) hated but radio show also had a large black audience that loved.

      4 replies 16 retweets 154 likes
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    10. Jeet Heer‏Verified account @HeerJeet 14 Apr 2018

      12. To speculate: black Amos 'n' Andy fans, generally belonging to the Great Migration from South to North, were so hungry for representation they took what they could want. Also, radio medium masked aspect of blackface (many thought A&A were black).

      3 replies 22 retweets 218 likes
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      Jeet Heer‏Verified account @HeerJeet 14 Apr 2018

      13. But what was acceptable in 1928 was intolerable in 1951, when NAACP led major campaign against show -- due in part to rising political organization but also generational shift.

      7:13 AM - 14 Apr 2018
      • 18 Retweets
      • 204 Likes
      • joyita Sumedh Dave McKenna Damien P. Williams, MA, MSc, ABD, Patternist steven grimes 🏳️‍⚧️ He Supplanted Anna Olegovna JG 🖤🤎🏳️‍🌈 Vicky Vale
      2 replies 18 retweets 204 likes
        1. New conversation
        2. Jeet Heer‏Verified account @HeerJeet 14 Apr 2018

          14. Apu is going through the same trajectory as Amos 'n' Andy, with an older generation that tolerated giving way to a younger one that recognizes the offensive features.

          5 replies 60 retweets 463 likes
          Show this thread
        3. Jeet Heer‏Verified account @HeerJeet 14 Apr 2018

          15. One reason for these generational shifts, I think, is kids are more sensitive to impact of stereotypes. They live, after all, in world of bullies

          3 replies 57 retweets 436 likes
          Show this thread
        4. Jeet Heer‏Verified account @HeerJeet 14 Apr 2018

          16. God knows, it's always tempting to say, "Screw the kids, what do they know?" or "Grow up, snowflakes!" That's a mistake.

          2 replies 28 retweets 281 likes
          Show this thread
        5. Jeet Heer‏Verified account @HeerJeet 14 Apr 2018

          17. If only there were a Simpson's meme about the dangers of being an out of touch coot!pic.twitter.com/rns0l3oIyg

          7 replies 136 retweets 999 likes
          Show this thread
        6. Jeet Heer‏Verified account @HeerJeet 14 Apr 2018

          18. My larger reflections on why listening to the kids changed my mind about Apu:https://newrepublic.com/article/147980/epiphany-problem-apu-simpsons …

          16 replies 144 retweets 665 likes
          Show this thread
        7. End of conversation
        1. Nick Bestor 🏳️‍🌈‏ @Bestorb 14 Apr 2018
          Replying to @HeerJeet

          I would point out that the Amos n Andy TV show didn't feature blackface--it was an all-black cast. And there was still very much varied reception to it. It was decried by the NAACP and other groups, but also an extremely popular show with some black audiences.

          0 replies 0 retweets 0 likes
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