2. The controversy over Apu follows a pattern that goes back for at least two hundred years of ethnic cartoon imagery being contested. In 19th century it was common to depict Irish as simian in appearance & behavior.pic.twitter.com/JJL0gJ65Bt
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13. But what was acceptable in 1928 was intolerable in 1951, when NAACP led major campaign against show -- due in part to rising political organization but also generational shift.
14. Apu is going through the same trajectory as Amos 'n' Andy, with an older generation that tolerated giving way to a younger one that recognizes the offensive features.
15. One reason for these generational shifts, I think, is kids are more sensitive to impact of stereotypes. They live, after all, in world of bullies
16. God knows, it's always tempting to say, "Screw the kids, what do they know?" or "Grow up, snowflakes!" That's a mistake.
17. If only there were a Simpson's meme about the dangers of being an out of touch coot!pic.twitter.com/rns0l3oIyg
18. My larger reflections on why listening to the kids changed my mind about Apu:https://newrepublic.com/article/147980/epiphany-problem-apu-simpsons …
Amos 'n' Andy went to tv, where they were played by black actors. My mom and her siblings watched it because they were so grateful to see black people as leads on a tv show. 
Facts . Even some minstrel shows were subversive to black audiences ....
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