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Graham Coop

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Evolutionary & population genetics @UCDavis. Tweets, grammar, & spelling reflect my views only. He/him. #OA popgen book http://github.com/cooplab/popgen …

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    Graham Coop‏ @Graham_Coop 18. pro 2019.
    • Prijavi Tweet

    Updated version of @DocEdge85’s preprint on the potential for upload attacks on genetic genealogy databases, detailing various hacks. Big addition, we did a proof-of-concept demo of a simple method for obtaining peoples’ genotypes from GEDmatch 1/nhttps://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/798272v2 …

    14:10 - 18. pro 2019.
    • 47 proslijeđenih tweetova
    • 89 oznaka „sviđa mi se”
    • Rori Rohlfs Huihui Li Heather Tal Murphy Vince Buffalo Peter Ralph Peter Ney Rebecca Robbins Beth Skwarecki Will Freyman
    1 reply 47 proslijeđenih tweetova 89 korisnika označava da im se sviđa
      1. Novi razgovor
      2. Graham Coop‏ @Graham_Coop 18. pro 2019.
        • Prijavi Tweet

        GEDmatch seems to use long runs of compatible genotypes between individuals (kits) to call genetic relatedness, identity by state (phase-unaware IBS calling). These runs of IBS can broken by a single opposite-homozygous genotype, e.g see user videos https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7J2TGtcOYMs&t=672s … 2/npic.twitter.com/HrDGr0TKyD

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      3. Graham Coop‏ @Graham_Coop 18. pro 2019.
        • Prijavi Tweet

        On this basis we knew that GEDmatch was likely open to an `IBS baiting’ attack, uploading 2 fake kits with opposite-homozygote genotypes at target SNP surrounded by regions of heterozygous SNPs (which will at least half-match all other genotypes). See https://twitter.com/DocEdge85/status/1186645493792870400 … 3/npic.twitter.com/Uib7IJ4GOb

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      4. Graham Coop‏ @Graham_Coop 18. pro 2019.
        • Prijavi Tweet

        We alerted GEDmatch to this in July, as well as pointing out that their chromosome browser may also leak a lot of information via its SNP visualizations. @_peterney et al also contacted them at a similar time, and we both independently posted preprints in Oct (after 90 days). 4/n

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      5. Graham Coop‏ @Graham_Coop 18. pro 2019.
        • Prijavi Tweet

        Late Nov we attempted mock IBS baiting hack. We used only artificial kits (for targets and baits) & restricted it to the `research’ branch of GEDmatch (so we never interacted w. other people’s data nor violated T&C). We also verified this plan with UC Davis IRB and GEDMatch 5/n

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      6. Graham Coop‏ @Graham_Coop 18. pro 2019.
        • Prijavi Tweet

        Our bait kits (B1 & B2) had het. & missing genos around target to bait IBS caller. We could tell if target was homozy. by which bait it IBS matched (eg. T1=B1 but not B2), & if it was heterozy if matched both baits (T2 vs B1 & B2). Image compiled from GEDmatch browser 6/npic.twitter.com/EKlK2cl1ss

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      7. Graham Coop‏ @Graham_Coop 18. pro 2019.
        • Prijavi Tweet

        This baiting worked easily across four targeted regions on chromosome 22. We set up our baits to not match outside these regions & we saw no other IBS in genome-wide. Baiting could likely easily be extended to extract more genotypes genome-wide 7/npic.twitter.com/mSyAdfigqa

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      8. Graham Coop‏ @Graham_Coop 18. pro 2019.
        • Prijavi Tweet

        Note that this only needs GEDmatch to return IBS locations to extract genotypes, & doesnt need images. The images reveal even more info. GEDmatch seems to have jittered SNP positions (trying to block @_peterney-style attack?) but incomp genos in our baits are still visible 8/n

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      9. Graham Coop‏ @Graham_Coop 18. pro 2019.
        • Prijavi Tweet

        GEDmatch allows you to use their 1-to-1 IBS caller on any of their >1 million kits if you know the kit number. Kit numbers are open to scraping from their website, as are the (often real) names and emails of the people uploading kits. 9/n

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      10. Graham Coop‏ @Graham_Coop 18. pro 2019.
        • Prijavi Tweet

        Graham Coop je proslijedio/a tweet korisnika/ceSarah Nelson

        @_peterney’s et al’s paper (@uw_cse_seclab @TechPolicyLab @luisceze @yoshi_kohno) nicely, independently showed how GEDmatch’s visualization algorithm of IBS matches could be exploited https://twitter.com/blueyedgenes/status/1189756886498701313 … 10/n

        Graham Coop je dodan/na,

        Sarah Nelson @blueyedgenes
        This @_peterney et al paper on GEDmatch vulnerabilities is blowing my mind. Pixel-to-SNP correspondence algorithm? It's like Curtis Rogers accidentally built a serious weapon out of play-doh. Fig3 below; full report https://dnasec.cs.washington.edu/genetic-genealogy/ney_ndss.pdf … pic.twitter.com/oDTmYcUYgp
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      11. Graham Coop‏ @Graham_Coop 18. pro 2019.
        • Prijavi Tweet

        They also independently described a method very similar to IBS baiting in their section VII, showing that it worked in GEDmatch as of summer / early fall. So this attack isn't hard to come up with, once you realize that only opposite homozy block IBS runs 11/n

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      12. Graham Coop‏ @Graham_Coop 18. pro 2019.
        • Prijavi Tweet

        We redesigned our original attack slightly as GEDmatch had put in place some counter-measures in response to our & @_peterney et al's initial emails, but these were ultimately not too hard to surmount. 12/n

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      13. Graham Coop‏ @Graham_Coop 18. pro 2019.
        • Prijavi Tweet

        Also, the countermeasures that are in place appear to apply only as blocks of new uploads. This means that previously uploaded kits designed for baiting-style attacks may be grandfathered in as potential backdoors 13/n

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      14. Graham Coop‏ @Graham_Coop 18. pro 2019.
        • Prijavi Tweet

        GEDmatch has now put in place reCaptcha to try & block bots on some of their form pages, which may prevent a large-scale attack to obtain many profiles. But they haven’t implemented simple measures, eg only returning long IBS, that would also improve their genealogy service. 14/n

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      15. Graham Coop‏ @Graham_Coop 18. pro 2019.
        • Prijavi Tweet

        GEDmatch returns much shorter IBS than users need. Also folks don't need a SNP-level view of other peoples' genomes for genetic genealogy (especially for any random user in the database). These issues make it far too easy to obtain other peoples' genotypes. 15/n

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      16. Graham Coop‏ @Graham_Coop 18. pro 2019.
        • Prijavi Tweet

        Our last successful attempt to upload and analyze bait kits worked as of Dec 15th, i.e. after @VerogenBio took over GEDmatch. 16/n

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      17. Graham Coop‏ @Graham_Coop 19. pro 2019.
        • Prijavi Tweet

        Graham Coop je proslijedio/a tweet korisnika/ceDoc Edge

        .@DocEdge85's original thread outlining the concepts behind these potential privacy attacks on genetic genealogy databases https://twitter.com/DocEdge85/status/1186645459617513472 … 17/n

        Graham Coop je dodan/na,

        Doc Edge @DocEdge85
        (Thread) Here’s my new preprint, with @Graham_Coop, on genetic privacy in genealogy databases that allow user uploads. (1/n) https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/798272v1 …
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      18. Graham Coop‏ @Graham_Coop 19. pro 2019.
        • Prijavi Tweet

        Graham Coop je proslijedio/a tweet korisnika/ceDoc Edge

        & @DocEdge85's previous thread discussing why GEDmatch seemed particularly vulnerable to these attacks on genetic privacy. 18/nhttps://twitter.com/DocEdge85/status/1187059909633773568 …

        Graham Coop je dodan/na,

        Doc Edge @DocEdge85
        (Thread) A number of people have asked about the vulnerabilities of particular services to the types of attack described by our preprint (@Graham_Coop, https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/798272v1 …), this table from Leah Larkin’s great blog post highlights some key parameters pic.twitter.com/Yg3dRcQ6u5
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