the core of these cables (which carry the actual signals) is fiber optic, yes, but they're surrounded by conductive layers, which have a current passed down the cable. These power optical repeaters.
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One cable lands in my city. Carries 192Tb/s of data... Absolutely wild that I only get 35mb/s up at my house... but there's this level of infrastructure terminating in my city
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I use that site in my classes a lot, to show the students how data travels around the world, and why the US is in such a good place to spy on everybody.
We also have fun discussing how to isolate Iceland.
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It is a bit weird to think about how, yea, someone *owns* these cables. It's not a mysterious "them" or even world governments (with some exceptions... cute of russia to name one of theirs the Polar Express), it's just... ISPs and big-tech corps. Makes sense I suppose





