It is an abstract composition, one of the peaks of Suprematist art, however, it distinctly evokes a vision of spaceships, of interplanetary travels and space exploration...
So we may say that the true inspirer of Soviet space programme was Suprematist painter Kazimir Malevich, of whom Ilya Chashnik was the brightest pupil...
Ilya Chashnik was born into a Jewish family in 1902, in Lucyn, Russian Empire, and died young in 1929, in Leningrad, Soviet Union.
So, he, too, belongs to the 27 Club ...
For Malevitch, Suprematism is 'the primacy of pure feeling in creative art [...] feeling, as such, quite apart from the environment in which it is called forth.'
Three more Suprematist works by Ilya Chashnik
'And not only in Suprematist art but in art generally, because the enduring, true value of a work of art (to whatever school it may belong) resides solely in the feeling expressed.'
From Kazimir Malevitch's 'The Non-Objective World' [Bauhausbuch No. 11. Munich: Langen, 1927]
The closest relationship between Suprematism and the Soviet space program is probably through Ilya Kudriashev, whose father worked alongside pioneer of spaceflight Konstantin Tsiolkovskii