There are advantages to these upload features: users find more biological relatives without having to be re-genotyped (or pay for new genotyping), and the services grow their databases, which lets them connect more people. (4/n)
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Under the simplest version of this kind of relative-finding algorithm, we estimate that you could reveal enough genotypes to impute genome-wide genotypes of everybody in the database with 97%+ accuracy after about a hundred uploads. (15/n)
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And if you just care about one SNP---such as one that reveals APOE4 alleles and thus a lot of information about Alzheimer's risk, for example---you could get the genotypes of everyone in the database w/ 2 uploads of fake data. (16/n)
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Luckily, all the attacks we describe are preventable, or at least can be made inefficient, if DTC services use a subset of the countermeasures we describe (17/n)pic.twitter.com/fWho3Ux7Oj
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Some countermeasures are easy, like only returning information about long chromosomal matches. Others, like requiring cryptographic signatures suggested by
@erlichya@itsikp@ShaiCarmi last year, are harder to implement but very effective (18/n)https://science.sciencemag.org/content/362/6415/690/tab-figures-data …Prikaži ovu nit -
We wrote to all the DTC genealogy services we know of that allow uploads 90 days ago to share these methods and the countermeasures we recommend. They all wrote back to us, and some of them told us that some of these countermeasures are already in place. (19/n)
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We’d encourage all services that might potentially be affected by these kinds of attacks to share the countermeasures they have in place publicly. (20/n)
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Genetic genealogy can be an amazing, empowering thing for people who want to find their biological relatives, including folks who wouldn’t be able to find them otherwise. Our goal (shared w/ the companies offering these services) is that people be able to do this safely. (21/n)
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And of course, this is all part of a larger conversation about how we as a society want our genetic information used and want our genetic privacy protected. (Add it to a list of reasons to
@extendGINA) (end)Prikaži ovu nit
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