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Thread
1.
Today is #HolocaustMemorialDay
A time to remember the millions who suffered under the Reich's eugenics & extermination policies.
A time to reflect on the human capacity for cruelty and violence.
#Disabled people were a central part of this history.
#DisHist /
2.
By the late 19th century, proponents of eugenics held that allowing disabled people to live & have children, led to the "unfit" reproducing more quickly than "the fit", weakening the population because of the 'burden' posed by disabled people on wider society.
#DisHist /pic.twitter.com/ehIjUrcu3g
3.
The aim of eugenics, or racial hygiene, therefore, was explicitly to improve the nation's health and the 'quality' of future generations through positive eugenics (efforts to increase the reproduction of the 'fit') and negative eugenics
#DisHist #DisabilityHistory /pic.twitter.com/ZooGC9rCKK
4.
In the Third Reich, negative eugenics, or the effort to restrict the procreation of the 'unfit', developed even further and turned into large-scale sterilisation, marriage restriction and euthanasia operations which were intended to craft an 'ideal' race.
#DisHist /
5. In Mein Kampf, Hitler explicitly connected the individual body & the nation's body: 'Only when a nation is healthy in all its members, in body and soul, can every man’s joy in belonging to it rightfully be magnified to that high sentiment which we designate as national pride'
6.
By the 1930s, Nazi propaganda posters, news-reels & cinema films portrayed disabled people as "useless eaters" and people who had "lives unworthy of living" and argued that 'hereditary disease' cost the state as much as it cost to support an entire family
#DisHist /pic.twitter.com/BrS2gkQWyQ
7.
This 1930s poster promoted the Nazi monthly Neues Volk (New People), the organ of the party’s racial office. The text reads: “This genetically ill person will cost our people’s community 60,000 marks over his lifetime. Citizens, that is your money.”
#DisHist /pic.twitter.com/V7oeBAEuxK
8.
This poster from a eugenics exhibition in the 1930s reads, “Sterilization is Liberation, Not a Punishment.” Three disabled children are also pictured with the caption, “Who would want to be responsible for this?”
#DisHist #DisabilityHistory #histmedpic.twitter.com/GFX8XaLsYq
9.
These efforts to dehumanise the disabled extended into schools: this mathematics exercise from a Nazi school textbook asked children to calculate the answer to the question: ‘What is the cost of care for the hereditary sick?’
#DisHist #HolocaustMemorialDay/pic.twitter.com/YPqfKA1e6o
10. July 14, 1933, the state instituted the “Law for the Prevention of Progeny with Hereditary Diseases”: ‘Any person suffering from hereditary disease can be sterilised if medical knowledge indicates that his offspring will suffer from severe hereditary physical/mental damage.’/pic.twitter.com/YUjleb6QNj
11.
By the end of the Nazi regime, over 200 "Genetic Health Courts" were created, & over 400,000 people were sterilized against their will for 'feeble-mindedness, schizophrenia, epilepsy, blindness, deafness, physical ‘deformity’ and alcoholism.
#DisHist../
12.
From sterilisations the Nazi state moved to euthanasia, based out of Tigertenstrasse 4 in Berlin, hence the abbreviation Aktion T-4, which began sending out questionnaires to institutions to identify people with hereditary diseases across Germany
#DisHist../pic.twitter.com/AtEV3Erdlz
13.
People with disabilities were the first group of victims to be systematically gassed by the Nazi regime. In the 1930s
and 1940s, the Reich murdered over 200,000 disabled people in dedicated euthanasia centers like Haldemar below.
#DisHist./pic.twitter.com/nvowZDueTq
14. To read more, see: Staffan Bengtsson's The nation’s body: disability and deviance in the writings of Adolf Hitler Robert Proctor, Racial Hygiene: Medicine Under the Nazis Henry Friedlander, The Origins of Nazi Genocide: From Euthanasia to the Final Solution. End thread
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