Both bubonic and pneumonic plagues were present together so the miasma theory was not entirely wrong even though they thought it was stinky air and malign astrology that caused air transmission. They also believed in sight transmission. Must have been total FUD.
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The official explanation was an astrological one from the professors of the University of Paris. They were widely translated, leading to growth in national languages as a positive effect. Kinda like internet today I guess.
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Lots of prayer and religious life cleansing. “When it became clear that these [penitence] processions were sources of infection, [Pope] Clement VI had to prohibit them” (initially authorized by the pope).
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Long section on predictable antisemitism followed by fascinating but, new to me, about how flagellants were a heretical movement that challenged the intercessionary authority of priests by claiming their self-flagellation as saving humanity/Christianityhttps://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flagellant
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Apparently very few broad generalizations can be made about the effects of the Black Death. Fir every claimed effect in one place there was an opposite one elsewhere. Labor shortage and stronger peasant/artisan position was the strongest broad effect. Inflation/wages spiral.
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The church got generally richer through legacies and Clement VI 1350 jubilee, where you could get absolutions fir money. But it grew much more hated. I guess the seeds of the reformation were planted here.
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TIL about mendicant orders which some in the church tried to have bannedhttps://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendicant_orders …
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Tuchman argues that dissatisfaction with the meaninglessness of the suffering, with no changes for the better, is what unleashed the social forces of change. Argues it created modern man, hungry for a better answer than mysterious will of god.
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Interesting: in the wake of the Black Death, both England and France raised knightly orders nostalgically modeled on King Arthur’s round table, with the practical purpose of preventing independent withdrawal by feudals in battle. Chivalry was already a fandom larp in 1351.
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The orders were the order of the garter on the English side, and order of the star on the French side. This stupid affair was apparently the aspirational model of combat.https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combat_of_the_Thirty …
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Larping is a good word for itpic.twitter.com/qwVdMT9g8L
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