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Replying to and
I like the way it works on a Google account with Advanced Protection: only security keys with at least 2 dedicated keys and ability to use the TEE/HSM in phones as additional security keys. If you want more backups you add more keys. No recovery codes or easy support backdoor.
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Replying to and
A recovery code is presumably not time sensitive and TOTP codes are super weak even with the time constraint. They better have incredibly aggressive brute force mitigations for those. It's really best if sites support more convenient + much more secure security key approach.
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