Short recap: #FreeBSD Base System concept/separation:
Base System lives here:
- /etc
- /(s)bin + /usr/(s)bin
- /boot/kernel
Ports and pkg(8) packages live here:
- /usr/local/etc
- /usr/local/(s)bin
- /boot/modules
And they don't mess with each other!
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The base system pulls in /use/local/etc/rc.d for scripts and /etc/rc.conf controls which ports gets launched, so there's a tad bit of base messing with ports, otherwise it wouldn't "just work".
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by the same token, a port can have their rcvars in /etc/rc.conf. Both cases (technically) cross the line -- but neither cause changes in the other, so I like to think the analogy holds up. It still a point of demarcation that GNU/Linux doesn't/can't have.
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It's entirely possible for a Linux distribution to define a base system and maintain / update it as one. That's how ChromeOS works and how Android distributions work after all, among others. android.googlesource.com/platform/syste is what both of those us for updates, which is block-based.