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APKs can be end-to-end signed with keys under developer control. You can move between app stores or no store (data is preserved on update with same key). And Google can't fuck with it. (Well, they can fuck with the entirety of the rest of the phone, so that point's kinda moot.)
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App bundles aren't a Play Store exclusive feature and using them as part of the infrastructure for building releases of apps doesn't preclude distribution of apks signed by developer keys. An app bundle is used to generate specialized apks. The developer could be generating them.
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