Bitcoin's difficulty adjustment algorithm means that the more electricity you throw at it, the more it absorbs. Bitcoin is like a black hole for electricity.
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It will essentially be converting the total amount of fees into paying for that much electricity to fund mining. If blocks don't get bigger, growth in mining has to come from fees going up. There's a limit to what people will pay before using something else though.
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If people come up with significantly more efficient ways to mine Bitcoin, it drives out the least efficient miners.
It's still the same amount of money being converted into mining. If it's very competitive, a higher % goes to buying electricity rather than profits.
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It's not going to be profitable to pay for electricity rather than generating it yourself if doing that becomes increasingly common. It has strong pressure to vertical integration with the most cost-efficient way of getting electricity, whether that's renewable / dirty or not.
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If renewal, clean power is significantly cheaper then they are going to build out production that way. If running your own dirty coal plant is the cheapest, they'll do that.
It's bounded by total amount of fees (as block rewards go away). Fees are basically an electricity bill.
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I don't think it makes sense to associate the mining funded by block rewards with transactions since they can obtain the block reward making empty blocks without there being any transactions.
The portion funded by block rewards is from people buying BTC not people using BTC.