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Short description getting across the essence of the picture. It's read as a description of the image. If there's relevant text, include the text in a clear way. So for example, if it's a screenshot of the tweet, make that clear and include the username, text, and date.
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I think the main issue is Twitter's UI. I know I should do this and want to do this but it's hard to remember. I always do it for documentation and web content. Outside Twitter, alt="" is how you mark purely decorative images or ones you fully described with a proper label.
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