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It's not possible to write a test suite or list of requirements to impose upon other companies to force their software and hardware to be reasonably secure. They need to care about security themselves and put resources into it, beyond just complying with bare minimum standards.
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CTS runs tests via apps and adb shell within the security model of the OS. It runs on a production build of the OS with the full security model intact and is very limited in how deeply it can probe and test. It can't peak behind the curtain and enforce implementation details.
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CTS is very limited in what it can test. That's why there's the VTS for testing the kernel and vendor via a special system image, rather than on the production OS. However, that's still testing functionality via public APIs, not peaking into the details of the implementation.
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If a vendor skips the step of signing their firmware and burning the keys into the fuses, it seems highly likely that they would skip testing that it works. It's already written that they need to do this, so if they're running through the list it's something they need to check.
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