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They added Map as a proper key-value data structure so it's a good idea to ban using objects as map data structure now, just like banning any usage of `var` (using only let/const) with "use strict" to prevent implicit usage of that nonsense broken form of scoping with hoisting.
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I don't think it's reasonable to blame Map for objects implementing equality as reference equality. It would be worse if it deviated from the standard definition of equality in the language. Arrays and objects are what need to be fixed, not Map using `===` (it doesn't use `==`).
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They don't need to change Map to fix these problems though. It would be able to work with a new form of arrays and/or operator overloading. Reference equality also wouldn't be the end of the world if it was only a default which could be overridden, like Python3 objects.
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Map doesn't rule out introducing a way for objects to define equality and a hash function in the future like other languages. The initial implementation didn't need to be tied to other major new features. I think they're doing a great job with the terrible base they were given.
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But if arrays and objects are effectively off the cards as keys, then it's basically a very, very marginally improved object dictionary. It's yet another thing added that screws over beginners and leaves a nice fat landmine in the codebase for skilled developers.
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It would have been nice if they implemented more in ES6, but having Map and Set is still a nice improvement without custom equality and hashing implementations. Arrays contain arbitrary objects so that still depends on how equality is defined for arbitrary objects too.
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Dynamically typed languages don't have the same design options available to them for this as statically typed languages. It's messier and I don't think throwing exceptions when the types don't match on either side and don't explicitly provide an equality method is really better.
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