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Lol, just noticed the comment in SO: Command adb restore are not install .apk back. Actually, this command is only write back system and data files. -Android dev site adb help says: adb restore <file> - restore device contents from the <file> backup archive
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It will install the apk if you used -apk when generating the backup, otherwise it will only restore data for applications that are still present. It also won't restore if the application signing key doesn't match, you would need to edit the backup to bypass that security feature.
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Apps can disable backups or limit it to a subset of their internal data since it would be broken to do it in some cases. For example, Signal disables it for security reasons and it wouldn't be able to work anyway since the database is encrypted with the hardware-backed keystore.
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