If you want to use a phone for 5-6 years while retaining a decent level of security, buy an iPhone XR. You don't have other options. Please stop using insecure old Android phones and don't bother pretending that ROMs unable to ship full security updates change that situation...
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Pixels provide good security if you're going to replace your device within 3 years. It's quite possible that Google will support them for longer than their 3 year guarantee, but that remains to be seen. They don't have an existing track record for Pixels or devices with Treble.
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Other Android phones don't offer the same security as a Pixel, even among those shipping monthly security updates reliably. They don't include all of the software and hardware security features. Only Essential cared enough to offer something comparable and stopped making phones.
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Don't Android One devices include all of the software security features?
Thank you for writing this thread! Reliable and somewhat detailed information about the security of different Android devices is hard to come by.
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No, they don't match the software security features provided by a Pixel and definitely not the hardware security features. They often have decent security updates and lack the vast majority of the faux pas usually committed by Android forks but they aren't on the same level.
Android One devices will usually provide most (not all) of the userspace security features but not the kernel hardening work and definitely not comparable firmware and hardware security. Even many of the features recommended by the CDD are skipped by other vendors.