My friend’s son went for his traditional circumcision now and she was terrified something like this could happen to him. Thank God all went well and he is fine - but the stress it put on his mom, to fulfill her cultural obligations, yet safeguard her son’s health, was immense.https://twitter.com/nombonisogasa/status/1079320604954845184 …
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in Xhoasa ritual the boy is "choosing"--albeit under intense social conditioning--to participate in the hazing ritual in ritual jewish circumcision the child is an object, surrendered by the mother to community ritual--the infant has no say at all, culpability is inescapable
as Goldman says, there are 3 kinds of circumcision--the hazing ritual (Xhoasa) & infant circumcision are opposite poles when it comes to the child's agency; Islamic ritual is in between