Cosmic Penguin

Source: LI Chunlai, LIU Jianjun, GENG Yan, CAO Jinbin, ZHANG Tielong, FANG Guangyou, YANG Jianfeng, SHU Rong, ZOU Yongliao, LIN Yangting, OUYANG Ziyuan. Scientific Objectives and Payload Configuration of China's First Mars Exploration Mission[J].

Firstly, here are the specifications of the 7 instruments of the TW-1 Mars Orbiter:

1. Medium Resolution Camera Imaging wavelength: Visible Light Color: Standard RGB Image Resolution: < 100 m at 400 km altitude Image swath: >= 400 km at 400 km altitude Pixel Resolution: >= 4096 x 3072

2. High Resolution Camera Image resolution: < 2.5 m (< 0.5 m in certain regions) multi-color; < 10 m (< 2.0 m in certain regions) panchromatic Image swath: >= 9 km at 265 km altitude

3. Mars orbiter sub-surface radar Radar frequency: 10-20 & 30-50 MHz Transmitter power: >= 100 W Receiver power: <= -87 dBm Maximum detection depth: ~100 m for Martian sub-surface soil (εr = 3.0~4.0); ~1000 m for Martian polar ice layers (εr = 3.0) Depth resolution: ~ 1 m

4. Mars mineralogy spectrometer Wavelength bands: Visible Light - NIR band 0.45~1.05 μm; NIR-MIR band 1.00~3.40 μm Spectral resolution: < 10 nm for Visible Light - NIR band; < 12 nm for 1.0~2.0 μm; < 25 nm for 2.0~3.4 μm

5. Mars magnetometer Measurement range: +- 2000 nT Noise level <= 0.01 nT/√Hz Resolution: <= 0.01 nT Precision: 0.1 nT

6. Mars ions and neutral particles analyser Limit of Detection of low energy ions: Energy range: 5 eV ~ 25 keV delta-E/E: 15% Mass: 1~ 70 amu delta-m/m: 25% POV: 90° x 360° Angular resolution: 11.2° x 22.5° Time resolution: 8s

Limit of Detection of low energy neutral particles: Energy range: 50 eV ~ 3 keV delta-E/E: 100% Mass: 1 ~ 32 amu POV: 15° x 160° Angular resolution: 10° x 25° Time resolution: 4s

7. Mars energetic particles analyser Limit of Detection: Energy range: 0.1 ~ 12 MeV (Electrons) / 2 ~100 MeV (Protons) / 25 ~ 300 MeV (Alpha Particles/Heavy Ions) delta-E/E: 15% Flux: 0 ~ 10^5 cm^-2 s^-1 Atomic Number: 1 <= Z <= 26 (H - Fe)

delta-m/m: <=25% (Z <= 9, 25 ~ 300 MeV & 10 <= Z <= 26, 100 ~ 300 MeV); <=60% (10 <= Z <= 26, 25 ~ 100 MeV) POV: 60° Time resolution: 4s (Electrons, Protons, Alpha Particles); 60s (Heavy Ions)

And here comes the 6 instruments on the yet-to-be-named @PRCMarsRover which will get a name via a planned public naming contest:

A. Terrain Camera Imaging wavelength: Visible Light Color: Standard RGB Nominal imaging distance: 0.5 m ~ ∞ Pixel Resolution: 2048 x 2048

B. Multi-spectral camera Imaging bands (/nm, Full Width At Half Maximum in brackets): 480 (20), 525 (20), 650 (12), 700 (15), 800 (25), 900 (30), 950 (50), 1000 (50) Color: Multi-spectral Nominal imaging distance: 1.5 m ~ ∞ Pixel Resolution: 2048 x 2048

C. Rover sub-surface radar Channel 1: Median frequency: 55 MHz Working bandwidth: 40 MHz Penetrating depth of Martian ice layers: ~1 m Maximum detection depth: >=10 m for Martian sub-surface soil (εr = 3.0~4.0); >=100 m for Martian polar ice layers (εr = 3.0)

Channel 2: Median frequency: 1300 MHz Working bandwidth: 1000 MHz Precision of layer thickness detection: ~cm Maximum detection depth: >=3 m for Martian sub-surface soil (εr = 3.0~4.0); >=10 m for Martian polar ice layers (εr = 3.0)

D. Mars surface composition analyser LIBS measurements: Detects 10+ elements; optimal working distance from sample 2~5 m (max. 10 m); imaging resolution <= 100 μrad (0.2 mm @ 2 m; 0.5 mm @ 5 m) NIR measurments (850~2400 nm): spectral resolution <=12 nm; 130+ bands; POV >=1 mrad

E. Mars surface magnetometer Measurement range: +- 2000 nT Noise level <= 0.01 nT/√Hz Resolution: <= 0.01 nT Stability: <= 0.01 nT/°C Sampling rate: 1/16/32/128 Hz Range: +- 65000 nT

F. Mars meteorology instrument Temperature -120~50 °C (precision 0.1 °C); Pressure 1~1500 Pa (precision 0.1 Pa); Windspeed 0~70 m/s (precision 0.1 m/s); Wind Direction 0°~360° (precision 5°); Sound detection 20 Hz~2.5 kHz/2.5~20 kHz (Sensibility >50 mV/Pa; Dynamic Range >=90 dB)