Interesting read ....:) Each bit stored in dynamic memory must be refreshed, typically every 64ms (called Static Refresh). This is a rather costly operation. To avoid one major stall every 64ms, this process is divided into 8192 smaller refresh operations. We can see SRAM too :)
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In each operation, the computer’s memory controller sends refresh commands to the DRAM chips. After receiving the instruction a chip will refresh 1/8192 of its cells. Doing the math - 64ms / 8192 = 7812.5 ns or 7.81 μs.
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If we go to SRAM, it is expensive, big size, I think 6 transistors compared to 1 transistor and 1 capacitor? Refreshing takes a toll and requires voltage and energy.
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Error Correcting Code (or ECC) RAM was believed to be an absolute defense against disastrous bitflips that changed 0s to 1s & vice versa. Research published Wednesday has now shattered that theory. Dubbed ECCploit, the new Rowhammer attack bypasses ECC protections (AHH!!)
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